Phys. Rev. C
78,
044902
(2008)
[15 pages]
Charged hadron multiplicity fluctuations in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions from √sNN=22.5 to 200 GeV
A. Adare et al. PHENIX Collaboration
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A. Adare10, S. S. Adler5, S. Afanasiev24, C. Aidala11,39, N. N. Ajitanand52, Y. Akiba26,46,47, H. Al-Bataineh41, J. Alexander52, A. Al-Jamel41, K. Aoki30,46, L. Aphecetche54, R. Armendariz41, S. H. Aronson5, J. Asai47, E. T. Atomssa31, R. Averbeck53, T. C. Awes42, B. Azmoun5, V. Babintsev20, G. Baksay16, L. Baksay16, A. Baldisseri13, K. N. Barish6, P. D. Barnes33, B. Bassalleck40, S. Bathe6,36, S. Batsouli11,39,42, V. Baublis45, F. Bauer6, A. Bazilevsky5,47, S. Belikov5,20,23,*, R. Bennett53, Y. Berdnikov49, A. A. Bickley10, M. T. Bjorndal11,39, J. G. Boissevain33, H. Borel13, K. Boyle53, M. L. Brooks33, D. S. Brown41, N. Bruner40, D. Bucher36, H. Buesching5,36, V. Bumazhnov20, G. Bunce5,47, J. M. Burward-Hoy32,33, S. Butsyk33,53, X. Camard54, S. Campbell53, J.-S. Chai25, P. Chand4, B. S. Chang61, W. C. Chang2, J.-L. Charvet13, S. Chernichenko20, J. Chiba26, C. Y. Chi11,39, M. Chiu11,21,39, I. J. Choi61, R. K. Choudhury4, T. Chujo5,58, P. Chung52, A. Churyn20, V. Cianciolo42, C. R. Cleven18, Y. Cobigo13, B. A. Cole11,39, M. P. Comets43, P. Constantin23,33, M. Csanád15, T. Csörgő27, J. P. Cussonneau54, T. Dahms53, K. Das17, G. David5, F. Deák15, M. B. Deaton1, K. Dehmelt16, H. Delagrange54, A. Denisov20, D. d'Enterria11,39, A. Deshpande47,53, E. J. Desmond5, A. Devismes53, O. Dietzsch50, A. Dion53, M. Donadelli50, J. L. Drachenberg1, O. Drapier31, A. Drees53, A. K. Dubey60, A. Durum20, D. Dutta4, V. Dzhordzhadze6,55, Y. V. Efremenko42, J. Egdemir53, F. Ellinghaus10, W. S. Emam6, A. Enokizono19,32, H. En'yo46,47, B. Espagnon43, S. Esumi57, K. O. Eyser6, D. E. Fields40,47, C. Finck54, M. Finger, Jr.7,24, M. Finger7,24, F. Fleuret31, S. L. Fokin29, B. Forestier34, B. D. Fox47, Z. Fraenkel60,*, J. E. Frantz11,39,53, A. Franz5, A. D. Frawley17, K. Fujiwara46, Y. Fukao30,46,47, S.-Y. Fung6, T. Fusayasu38, S. Gadrat34, I. Garishvili55, F. Gastineau54, M. Germain54, A. Glenn10,55, H. Gong53, M. Gonin31, J. Gosset13, Y. Goto46,47, R. Granier de Cassagnac31, N. Grau23, S. V. Greene58, M. Grosse Perdekamp21,47, T. Gunji9, H.-Å. Gustafsson35, T. Hachiya19,46, A. Hadj Henni54, C. Haegemann40, J. S. Haggerty5, M. N. Hagiwara1, H. Hamagaki9, R. Han44, A. G. Hansen33, H. Harada19, E. P. Hartouni32, K. Haruna19, M. Harvey5, E. Haslum35, K. Hasuko46, R. Hayano9, M. Heffner32, T. K. Hemmick53, T. Hester6, J. M. Heuser46, X. He18, P. Hidas27, H. Hiejima21, J. C. Hill23, R. Hobbs40, M. Hohlmann16, M. Holmes58, W. Holzmann52, K. Homma19, B. Hong28, A. Hoover41, T. Horaguchi46,47,56, D. Hornback55, M. G. Hur25, T. Ichihara46,47, V. V. Ikonnikov29, K. Imai30,46, M. Inaba57, Y. Inoue46,48, M. Inuzuka9, D. Isenhower1, L. Isenhower1, M. Ishihara46, T. Isobe9, M. Issah52, A. Isupov24, B. V. Jacak53,†, J. Jia11,39,53, J. Jin11,39, O. Jinnouchi46,47, B. M. Johnson5, S. C. Johnson32, K. S. Joo37, D. Jouan43, F. Kajihara9,46, S. Kametani9,59, N. Kamihara46,56, J. Kamin53, M. Kaneta47, J. H. Kang61, H. Kanou46,56, K. Katou59, T. Kawabata9, T. Kawagishi57, D. Kawall47, A. V. Kazantsev29, S. Kelly10,11,39, B. Khachaturov60, A. Khanzadeev45, J. Kikuchi59, D. H. Kim37, D. J. Kim61, E. Kim51, G.-B. Kim31, H. J. Kim61, Y.-S. Kim25, E. Kinney10, A. Kiss15, E. Kistenev5, A. Kiyomichi46, J. Klay32, C. Klein-Boesing36, H. Kobayashi47, L. Kochenda45, V. Kochetkov20, R. Kohara19, B. Komkov45, M. Konno57, D. Kotchetkov6, A. Kozlov60, A. Král12, A. Kravitz11,39, P. J. Kroon5, J. Kubart7,22, C. H. Kuberg1,*, G. J. Kunde33, N. Kurihara9, K. Kurita46,48, M. J. Kweon28, Y. Kwon55,61, G. S. Kyle41, R. Lacey52, Y.-S. Lai11,39, J. G. Lajoie23, A. Lebedev23,29, Y. Le Bornec43, S. Leckey53, D. M. Lee33, M. K. Lee61, T. Lee51, M. J. Leitch33, M. A. L. Leite50, B. Lenzi50, H. Lim51, T. Liška12, A. Litvinenko24, M. X. Liu33, X. Li8, X. H. Li6, B. Love58, D. Lynch5, C. F. Maguire58, Y. I. Makdisi5, A. Malakhov24, M. D. Malik40, V. I. Manko29, Y. Mao44,46, G. Martinez54, L. Mašek7,22, H. Masui57, F. Matathias11,39,53, T. Matsumoto9,59, M. C. McCain1,21, M. McCumber53, P. L. McGaughey33, Y. Miake57, P. Mikeš7,22, K. Miki57, T. E. Miller58, A. Milov53, S. Mioduszewski5, G. C. Mishra18, M. Mishra3, J. T. Mitchell5, M. Mitrovski52, A. K. Mohanty4, A. Morreale6, D. P. Morrison5, J. M. Moss33, T. V. Moukhanova29, D. Mukhopadhyay58,60, M. Muniruzzaman6, J. Murata46,48, S. Nagamiya26, Y. Nagata57, J. L. Nagle10,11,39, M. Naglis60, I. Nakagawa46,47, Y. Nakamiya19, T. Nakamura19, K. Nakano46,56, J. Newby32,55, M. Nguyen53, B. E. Norman33, A. S. Nyanin29, J. Nystrand35, E. O'Brien5, S. X. Oda9, C. A. Ogilvie23, H. Ohnishi46, I. D. Ojha3,58, H. Okada30,46, K. Okada46,47, M. Oka57, O. O. Omiwade1, A. Oskarsson35, I. Otterlund35, M. Ouchida19, K. Oyama9, K. Ozawa9, R. Pak5, D. Pal58,60, A. P. T. Palounek33, V. Pantuev53, V. Papavassiliou41, J. Park51, W. J. Park28, S. F. Pate41, H. Pei23, V. Penev24, J.-C. Peng21, H. Pereira13, V. Peresedov24, D. Yu. Peressounko29, A. Pierson40, C. Pinkenburg5, R. P. Pisani5, M. L. Purschke5, A. K. Purwar33,53, J. M. Qualls1, H. Qu18, J. Rak23,40, A. Rakotozafindrabe31, I. Ravinovich60, K. F. Read42,55, S. Rembeczki16, M. Reuter53, K. Reygers36, V. Riabov45, Y. Riabov45, G. Roche34, A. Romana31,*, M. Rosati23, S. S. E. Rosendahl35, P. Rosnet34, P. Rukoyatkin24, V. L. Rykov46, S. S. Ryu61, B. Sahlmueller36, N. Saito30,46,47, T. Sakaguchi5,9,59, S. Sakai57, H. Sakata19, V. Samsonov45, L. Sanfratello40, R. Santo36, H. D. Sato30,46, S. Sato5,26,57, S. Sawada26, Y. Schutz54, J. Seele10, R. Seidl21, V. Semenov20, R. Seto6, D. Sharma60, T. K. Shea5, I. Shein20, A. Shevel45,52, T.-A. Shibata46,56, K. Shigaki19, M. Shimomura57, T. Shohjoh57, K. Shoji30,46, A. Sickles53, C. L. Silva50, D. Silvermyr33,42, C. Silvestre13, K. S. Sim28, C. P. Singh3, V. Singh3, S. Skutnik23, M. Slunečka7,24, W. C. Smith1, A. Soldatov20, R. A. Soltz32, W. E. Sondheim33, S. P. Sorensen55, I. V. Sourikova5, F. Staley13, P. W. Stankus42, E. Stenlund35, M. Stepanov41, A. Ster27, S. P. Stoll5, T. Sugitate19, C. Suire43, J. P. Sullivan33, J. Sziklai27, T. Tabaru47, S. Takagi57, E. M. Takagui50, A. Taketani46,47, K. H. Tanaka26, Y. Tanaka38, K. Tanida46,47, M. J. Tannenbaum5, A. Taranenko52, P. Tarján14, T. L. Thomas40, M. Togawa30,46, A. Toia53, J. Tojo46, L. Tomášek22, H. Torii30,46,47, R. S. Towell1, V.-N. Tram31, I. Tserruya60, Y. Tsuchimoto19,46, S. K. Tuli3, H. Tydesjö35, N. Tyurin20, T. J. Uam37, C. Vale23, H. Valle58, H. W. van Hecke33, J. Velkovska5,58, M. Velkovsky53, R. Vertesi14, V. Veszprémi14, A. A. Vinogradov29, M. Virius12, M. A. Volkov29, V. Vrba22, E. Vznuzdaev45, M. Wagner30,46, D. Walker53, X. R. Wang18,41, Y. Watanabe46,47, J. Wessels36, S. N. White5, N. Willis43, D. Winter11,39, F. K. Wohn23, C. L. Woody5, M. Wysocki10, W. Xie6,47, Y. L. Yamaguchi59, A. Yanovich20, Z. Yasin6, J. Ying18, S. Yokkaichi46,47, G. R. Young42, I. Younus40, I. E. Yushmanov29, W. A. Zajc11,39, O. Zaudtke36, C. Zhang11,39,42, S. Zhou8, J. Zimányi27,*, L. Zolin24, and X. Zong23 (PHENIX Collaboration)
1Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
2Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
3Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
4Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India
5Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
6University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
7Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, CZ-11636, Prague, Czech Republic
8China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), Beijing, People's Republic of China
9Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
10University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
11Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
12Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, CZ-16636, Prague 6, Czech Republic
13Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
14Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
15ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P.s. 1/A, Hungary
16Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
17Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
18Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
19Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
20IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino RU-142281, Russia
21University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
22Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
23Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
24Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
25KAERI, Cyclotron Application Laboratory, Seoul, Korea
26KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
27KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA KFKI RMKI), H-1525 Budapest 114, P. O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary
28Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
29Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow, Russia
30Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
31Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
32Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
33Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
34LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Fd, F-63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
35Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
36Institut für Kernphysik, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
37Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
38Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan
39Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
40University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
41New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
42Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
43IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
44Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
45PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad Region, RU-188300, Russia
46RIKEN, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
47RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
48Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
49St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
50Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
51System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
52Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
53Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
54SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307, Nantes, France
55University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
56Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
57Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
58Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
59Waseda University, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
60Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
61Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
Received 11 May 2008; published 7 October 2008
A comprehensive survey of event-by-event fluctuations of charged hadron multiplicity in relativistic heavy ions is presented. The survey covers Au+Au collisions at √sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV, and Cu+Cu collisions at √sNN=22.5,62.4, and 200 GeV. Fluctuations are measured as a function of collision centrality, transverse momentum range, and charge sign. After correcting for nondynamical fluctuations due to fluctuations in the collision geometry within a centrality bin, the remaining dynamical fluctuations expressed as the variance normalized by the mean tend to decrease with increasing centrality. The dynamical fluctuations are consistent with or below the expectation from a superposition of participant nucleon-nucleon collisions based upon p+p data, indicating that this dataset does not exhibit evidence of critical behavior in terms of the compressibility of the system. A comparison of the data with a model where hadrons are independently emitted from a number of hadron clusters suggests that the mean number of hadrons per cluster is small in heavy ion collisions.
© 2008 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevC.78.044902
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevC.78.044902
PACS:
25.75.Gz, 25.75.Nq, 21.65.Qr, 25.75.Ag
*Deceased †PHENIX spokesperson: jacak@skipper.physics.sunysb.edu
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