Physical Review C

To determine which nuclei may exhibit shape isomerism, we use a well-benchmarked macroscopic-microscopic model to calculate potential-energy surfaces as functions of spheroidal (ϵ₂), hexadecapole (ϵ₄), and axial-asymmetry (γ) shape coordinates for 7206 nuclei from A=31 to A=290. We analyze these ...

The baryon magnetic and transition magnetic moments are computed in heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory in the large-N_c limit, where N_c is the number of colors. One-loop nonanalytic corrections of orders m_q^1/2 and m_qln⁡m_q are incorporated into the analysis, where contributions of both intermed...

We investigate an asymmetry in the angular distribution of hard elastic proton-neutron scattering with respect to the 90° center of mass scattering angle and demonstrate that it’s magnitude is related to the helicity-isospin symmetry of the quark wave function of the nucleon. Our estimate of the ...

Considering the non-Newtonian gravity proposed in grand unification theories, we show that the stability and observed global properties of neutron stars cannot rule out the supersoft nuclear symmetry energies at suprasaturation densities. The degree of possible violation of the inverse-square law of...

New Jefferson Lab data are presented on the nuclear dependence of the inclusive cross section from ²H, ³He, ⁴He, ⁹Be and ¹²C for 0.3lt;xlt;0.9, Q²≈3–6  GeV². These data represent the first measurement of the EMC effect for ³He at large x and a significant improvement for ⁴He. The data do n...

Recent lattice measurements have given accurate estimates of the quark condensates in the proton. We use these results to significantly improve the dark matter predictions in benchmark models within the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model. The predicted spin-independent cross sections ...

We propose a novel extension of the standard coupled-channels framework for heavy-ion reactions in order to analyze fusion reactions at deep-sub-barrier incident energies. This extension simulates a smooth transition between the two-body and the adiabatic one-body states. To this end, we damp gradua...

We present the N_f=2+1 clover fermion lattice QCD calculation of the nucleon strangeness form factors. We evaluate disconnected insertions using the Z(4) stochastic method, along with unbiased subtractions from the hopping parameter expansion. We find that increasing the number of nucleon sources for...

An experimental study of the ¹⁶O(e,e^′K⁺)_Λ¹⁶N reaction has been performed at Jefferson Lab. A thin film of falling water was used as a target. This permitted a simultaneous measurement of the p(e,e^′K⁺)Λ,Σ⁰ exclusive reactions and a precise calibration of the energy scale. A ground-state bindin...

We consider the proton and neutron quasiparticle orbits around the closed-shell ⁵⁶Ni and ⁴⁸Ca isotopes. It is found that large model spaces (beyond the capability of shell model applications) are necessary for predicting the quenching of spectroscopic factors. The particle-vibration coupling is iden...

We discuss the possibility that the X(3872) can be a hadronic DD^* bound state in the framework of a potential model. The potential is generated by the exchange of pseudoscalar, scalar, and vector mesons resulting from the Lagrangian of heavy hadron chiral perturbation theory. The hadronic bound stat...

We analyze meson-baryon scattering lengths in the framework of covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory at leading one-loop order. We compute the complete set of matching relations between the dimension-two low-energy constants in the two- and three-flavor formulations of the theory. We derive ne...

We perform a χ² analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions (NPDFs) using neutral current charged-lepton (ℓ^±A) deeply inelastic scattering (DIS), and Drell-Yan data for several nuclear targets. The nuclear A dependence of the NPDFs is extracted in a next-to-leading order fit. We compare th...

We determine the first independent part of the g⁶ coefficient in the weak coupling expansion of the QCD pressure at high temperatures, the one proportional to the maximal power of the number of quark flavors N_f. In addition to introducing and developing computational methods that can be used in eval...

The properties of matter at ultrahigh densities, low temperatures, and with a significant asymmetry between protons and neutrons can be studied exclusively through astrophysical observations of neutron stars. We show that measurements of the masses and radii of neutron stars can lead to tight constr...

In order to test ab initio calculations of light nuclei, we have remeasured lifetimes in ¹⁰Be using the Doppler shift attenuation method (DSAM) following the ⁷Li(⁷Li,α)¹⁰Be reaction at 8 and 10 MeV. The new experiments significantly reduce systematic uncertainties in the DSAM technique. The J^π=2_...

We have measured the branching ratio of the three-body process in the nonmesonic weak decay of _Λ¹²C to be 0.29±0.13. This result was obtained by reproducing the nucleon and the nucleon pair yields introducing a measured final state interaction. At the same time, we have determined the absolute dec...

The predictive power of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model is considered in the light of a novel strategy to handle the divergences typical of perturbative calculations. The referred calculational strategy eliminates unphysical dependencies on the arbitrary choices for the routing of internal momenta an...

We perform ab initio calculations for nuclei around ¹⁶O, ⁴⁰Ca, and ⁵⁶Ni using realistic nucleon-nucleon forces. In particular, ⁵⁶Ni is computed as the heaviest nucleus in this kind of span style="font-style: italic">ab initio calculation. Ground-state and single-particle energies including three-body-cluster effects are obtained...

We investigate the chiral phase transition in the strong coupling lattice QCD at finite temperature and density with finite coupling effects. We adopt one species of staggered fermion, and develop an analytic formulation based on strong coupling and cluster expansions. We derive the effective potent...

We calculate the Sivers distribution functions induced by the final-state interaction due to one-gluon exchange in diquark models of a nucleon structure, treating the cases of scalar and axial-vector diquarks with both dipole and Gaussian form factors. We use these distribution functions to calculat...

We show that the fundamental seismic shear mode, observed as a quasiperiodic oscillation in giant flares emitted by highly magnetized neutron stars, is particularly sensitive to the nuclear physics of the crust. The identification of an oscillation at ≈30  Hz as the fundamental crustal shear m...

The transition from hadronic to quark matter at high density is a strong first order phase transition if the surface tension between the two phases is large. While this implies a constant-pressure mixed phase in cold neutron star matter this is not the case for the hot and lepton rich matter of prot...

A hadron resonance gas model including all known particles and resonances with masses mlt;2  GeV and an exponentially rising density of Hagedorn states for mgt;2  GeV is used to obtain an upper bound on the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio, η/s≈1/(4π), of hadronic matter near T_...

The nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung reaction is investigated based on a fully gauge-invariant relativistic meson-exchange model approach. To account consistently for the complicated part of the interaction current (which at present is too demanding to be calculated explicitly), a generalized contact ...

A new version of the generalized density-dependent cluster model is presented to describe an α particle tunneling through a deformed potential barrier. The microscopic deformed potential is numerically constructed in the double-folding model by the multipole expansion method. The decay width is com...

Masses of the radionuclides ^32,33Si and ³⁴P and of the stable nuclides ³²S and ³¹P have been measured with the Low Energy Beam and Ion Trap (LEBIT) Penning trap mass spectrometer. Relative mass uncertainties as low as 3×10^-9 have been achieved. The measured mass value of ³²Si differs from the liter...

We employ the Gamow shell model (GSM) to describe low-lying states of the oxygen isotopes ²⁴O and ²⁵O. The many-body Schrödinger equation is solved starting from a two-body Hamiltonian defined by a renormalized low-momentum nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction and a spherical Berggren basis. The Berggr...

The collective wobbling mode, the strongest signature for the rotation of a triaxial nucleus, has previously been seen only in a few Lu isotopes in spite of extensive searches in nearby isotopes. A sequence of transitions in the N=94 ¹⁶⁷Ta nucleus exhibiting features similar to those attributed to t...

A high-energy-resolution magnetic spectrometer has been used to measure the ¹²C excitation energy spectrum to search for the 2⁺ excitation of the 7.65 MeV, 0⁺ Hoyle state. By measuring in the diffractive minimum of the angular distribution for the broad 0⁺ background, evidence is found for a possib...

We investigate the role of the pion in covariant density functional theory. Starting from conventional relativistic mean field (RMF) theory with a nonlinear coupling of the σ meson and without exchange terms we add pions with a pseudovector coupling to the nucleons in relativistic Hartree-Fock appr...

By making use of the isospin conservation by strong interaction, the Fermi 0νββ nuclear matrix element M_F^0ν is transformed to acquire the form of an energy-weighted double Fermi transition matrix element. This useful representation allows reconstruction of the total M_F^0ν provided a small isospi...

We report on the first measurement of the absolute transition strength B(E2;0₁⁺→2₁⁺) in the self-conjugate nucleus ⁶⁸Se. It is found that the 0₁⁺→2₁⁺ transition displays a strength similar to that for the triaxial ⁶⁴Ge nucleus, in sharp contrast to the much stronger collectivity observed for the...

The spin-flip M1 giant resonance is explored in the framework of the random-phase-approximation (RPA) on the basis of the Skyrme energy functional. A representative set of eight Skyrme parametrizations (SkT6, SkM*, SLy6, SG2, SkO, SkO’, SkI4, and SV-bas) is used. Light and heavy, spherical and def...

For the first time, excited states in ¹⁸⁵Pb have been observed in in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic measurements using the recoil-decay tagging method. The resulting level scheme reveals a strongly coupled yrast band structure that originates from coupling of the i_13/2 quasineutron to a prolate deformed ...

We study the energy and angular distributions of two emitted neutrons from the dipole excitation of two typical, weakly bound Borromean nuclei, ¹¹Li and ⁶He, by using a three-body model. Our calculation indicates that those distributions are considerably different between the two nuclei, even though...

We compute the binding energy of neutron-rich oxygen isotopes and employ the coupled-cluster method and chiral nucleon-nucleon interactions at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order with two different cutoffs. We obtain rather well-converged results in model spaces consisting of up to 21 oscillator s...

Electromagnetic dipole absorption cross sections of transitional nuclei with large-amplitude shape fluctuations are calculated in a microscopic way by introducing the concept of instantaneous-shape sampling, which is based on slow shape dynamics as compared with fast dipole vibrations. The dipole st...

The development of a continuum-bin scheme of discretization for three-body projectiles is necessary for studies of reactions of Borromean nuclei such as ⁶He within the continuum-discretized coupled-channels approach. Such a procedure, for constructing bin states on selected continuum energy interval...

The density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy is inspected using the statistical multifragmentation model with Skyrme effective interactions. The model consistently considers the expansion of the fragments’ volumes at finite temperature at the freeze-out stage. By selecting parametrization...

We introduce a microscopic approach for calculating the excitation energies of systems formed during heavy-ion collisions. The method is based on time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory and allows the study of the excitation energy as a function of time or ion-ion separation distance. We discuss h...

Nucleon transfer in symmetric heavy-ion reactions at energies below the Coulomb barrier is investigated in the framework of a microscopic stochastic mean-field theory. Although mean field alone is known to significantly underpredict the dispersion of the fragment mass distribution, a considerable en...

A finite-temperature model of strongly correlated nucleons with underlying isospin symmetries is developed. The model can be used to study the role of bound states and Feshbach resonances on the thermal properties of a spin 1/2, isospin 1/2 system of protons and neutrons by varying the proton fracti...

We show that the event-by-event fluctuations of the transverse size of the initial source, which follow directly from the Glauber treatment of the earliest stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, cause, after hydrodynamic evolution, fluctuations of the transverse flow velocity at hadronic freeze...

Suppression measurements for neutral pions (π⁰) are used to investigate the predicted path length L and transverse momentum p_T dependent jet quenching patterns of the hot QCD medium produced in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_NN] =200 GeV. The observed scaling patterns show the predicted trends for jet-...

The STAR Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider presents measurements of J/ψ→e⁺e^- at midrapidity and high transverse momentum (p_Tgt;5 GeV/c) in p+p and central Cu+Cu collisions at sqrt[s_NN] =200 GeV. The inclusive J/ψ production cross section for Cu+Cu collisions is found to be ...

Within a parton transport model, we show that diffusion wakes and Mach cone wakes produced from energy loss by a fast parton propagating in the quark-gluon plasma lead to the observed azimuthal angular correlations of hadrons in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The magnitude and shape of the wakes ...

The elastic energy loss encountered by jets produced in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) off a large nucleus is studied in the collinear limit. In close analogy to the case of (nonradiative) transverse momentum broadening, which is dependent on the medium transport coefficient q̂, a class of medium ...

As a new and clean probe to the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (sQGP), we propose an azimuthal correlation of an electron and a muon that originate from the semileptonic decay of charm and bottom quarks. By solving the Langevin equation for the heavy quarks under the hydrodynamic evolution ...

High-statistics β-decay measurements of ¹¹²Ag and ¹¹²In were performed to study the structure of the ¹¹²Cd nucleus. The precise energies of the doublet of levels at 1871 keV, for which the 0⁺ member has been suggested as a possible daughter state following neutrinoless double electron capture of ^11...

The half-life for double-β decay of ¹⁵⁰Nd has been measured by the NEMO-3 experiment at the Modane Underground Laboratory. Using 924.7 days of data recorded with 36.55 g of ¹⁵⁰Nd, we measured the half-life for 2νββ decay to be T_1/2^2ν=(9.11_-0.22^+0.25(stat.)±0.63(syst.))×10¹⁸ yr. The observed l...

A measurement of the inelastic component of the key astrophysical resonance in the ¹⁴O(α,p)¹⁷F reaction for burning and breakout from hot carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) cycles is reported. The inelastic component is found to be comparable to the ground-state branch and will enhance the ¹⁴O(α,p)¹⁷F r...

We calculate neutrino processes involving two nucleons at subnuclear densities using chiral effective field theory. Shorter range noncentral forces reduce the neutrino rates significantly compared with the one-pion exchange approximation currently used in supernova simulations. For densities ρlt;1...

It is revealed that in the normal phase of dense relativistic matter in a magnetic field, there exists a contribution to the axial current associated with a relative shift of the longitudinal momenta in the dispersion relations of opposite chirality fermions. Unlike the topological contribution in t...

We present a practical method to solve the proton-deuteron scattering problem at energies above the three-body breakup threshold, in which we treat three-body integral equations in coordinate space accommodating long-range proton-proton Coulomb interactions. The method is examined for phase shift pa...

High-spin states have been studied in the neutron-deficient odd-N ¹²⁷Ce and ¹²⁹Ce isotopes, produced in ¹⁰⁰Mo(³²S,5nγ) and ¹⁰⁰Mo(³⁴S,5nγ) reactions, using the Euroball and Eurogam γ-ray spectrometers, respectively. A quadruples analysis (γ⁴) of the coincident γ-ray data has established new band...

Large scale shell-model calculations with an effective interaction derived from the realistic G-matrices were performed for N=80 isotones for which so-called mixed-symmetry states were recently observed experimentally. Calculated spectra are shown to be in good agreement with data. The calculated tr...

The isospin dependence of the saturation properties of asymmetric nuclear matter, particularly the incompressibility K_∞(X)=K_∞+K_τX²+O(X⁴) at saturation density, is systematically studied using density-dependent M3Y interaction. K_τ characterizes the isospin dependence of the incompressibility at...

The nucleus ¹⁴⁰Nd was investigated using γ-γ coincidence and angular-correlation techniques following the ε/β⁺ decay of ¹⁴⁰Sm and ¹⁴⁰Pr. Spins, γ-decay intensities, and E2/M1 mixing ratios were extracted from the data. The 2₃⁺ and 2₄⁺ states were identified as possible mixed-symmetry states, ba...

A new method is proposed to determine the energy-dependent spin distribution in experimental nuclear-level schemes. This method compares various experimental and calculated moments in the energy-spin plane to obtain the spin-cutoff parameter σ as a function of mass A and excitation energy using a t...

We measured the deuteron-emission branch of the β decay of the halo nucleus ⁶He using the technique of implantation into a highly segmented silicon detector. The method, used here for the first time with a beam of ⁶He ions, ensures precise normalization; the value obtained for the branching ratio i...

We investigate the statistical properties of the E(5) and X(5) symmetries, which describe states at the critical points of nuclear shape phase transitions in the geometric model, and analyze the fluctuations in both the energy spectrum and the E2 transition intensities using different angular moment...

Synthesis of superheavy element 120 in terms of the ⁵⁰Ti+^249-252Cf fusion-evaporation reactions is evaluated and discussed. It is found that the reactions of ^250,251Cf(⁵⁰Ti,3n)^297,298120 and ^251,252Cf(⁵⁰Ti,4n)^297,298120 are relatively favorable with the maximum evaporation-residue cross sections of ...

Different formulas relating measurable fragment isotopic observables to the symmetry energy of excited nuclei were proposed and applied to the analysis of heavy ion collision data in the recent literature. In this article, we examine the quality of the different expressions in the framework of the M...

Within the improved quantum molecular dynamics (ImQMD) model incorporating the statistical decay model, the reactions of ²³⁸U+²³⁸U at an energy of 7.0A MeV have been studied. The charge, mass, and excitation energy distributions of primary fragments are investigated within the ImQMD model, and de-...

A new method for continuum discretization in continuum-discretized coupled-channels calculations is proposed. The method is based on an analytic local-scale transformation of the harmonic-oscillator wave functions proposed for other purposes in a recent work [Karatagladis , Phys. Rev. C 71, 064601 (...

The expression for spin susceptibility χ of degenerate quark matter is derived with corrections up to O(g⁴ln g²). It is shown that, at low density, χ^-1 changes sign and turns negative, indicating a ferromagnetic phase transition. To this order, we also calculate sound velocity c₁ and incompressi...

We present results on the centrality and system size dependence of (multi-strange) hyperons in Pb+Pb collisions at 40A and 158A GeV from the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD-v2.3) model and a coupled Boltzmann + hydrodynamics calculation. The second approach is realized in a hyb...

Jet energy loss, photon production, and photon-hadron correlations are studied together at high transverse momentum in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energies. The modification of hard jets traversing a hot and dense nuclear medium is evaluated by consist...

Heavy ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are well described by the (nearly ideal) hydrodynamics. In the present paper, we study the propagation of perturbations induced by moving charges (jets) on top of the expanding fireball, using hydrodynamics and (dual) magnetohydr...

Measured values of the differential cross sections for pion-nucleon charge exchange, π^-p→π⁰n, are presented for π^- momenta of 103,112,120,130,139,152, and 178 MeV/c. Complete angular distributions were obtained by using the Crystal Ball detector at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at Brookh...

The interaction of the low-lying pseudoscalar mesons with the ground-state baryons in the charm sector is studied within a coupled-channel approach using a t-channel vector-exchange driving force. The amplitudes describing the scattering of the pseudoscalar mesons off the ground-state baryons are ob...

We show that the gauge-invariant coupling suggested by Pascalutsa removes non-pole terms from the spin-3 / 2 propagator only for a specific choice of free parameter. For the general case, the problem can be solved by demanding the invariance of the full Lagrangian under the point-like transf...

We report a measurement of the Gamow-Teller (GT) strength distribution for sup>40Ar→⁴⁰K using the 0^°(p,n) reaction. The measurement extends observed GT strength distribution in the A=40 system up to an excitation energy of ~8 MeV. In comparing our results with those from the β decay of the isospin ...

We consider the spin response of a normal Fermi liquid with noncentral interactions under conditions intermediate between the collisionless and hydrodynamic regimes. This problem is of importance for calculations of neutrino properties in dense matter. By expressing the deviation of the quasiparticl...

We performed a nuclear resonance fluorescence experiment to determine the energy and quantum numbers of excited states in ²⁶Mg. Spin-parity ambiguities of excited states in ²⁶Mg, the compound nucleus for the s-process neutron source ²²Ne(α,n)²⁵Mg, result in large uncertainties in the reaction rates...

x-ray bursts are identified as thermonuclear explosions in the outer atmosphere of accreting neutron stars. The thermonuclear runaway is fueled by the αp process that describes a sequence of (α,p) reactions triggered by the ¹⁸Ne(α,p)²¹Na breakout reaction from the hot CNO cycles. We studied the l...

The heavy-ion, fusion-evaporation reaction ¹²C(¹⁶O,n) was used to identify γ-decay transitions from excited states in ²⁷Si above the proton threshold. The precise level energy measurements, J^π assignments, and lifetime measurements of astrophysically important sup>26Al^m+p resonances have allowed an ev...

A detailed study of the 4He longitudinal response function RL(w,q) is performed at different kinematics, with particular emphasis on the role of three-nucleon forces. The effects shown are the results of an ab initio calculation where the full four-body continuum dynamics is considered via the Lorentz integral transform method. The contributions of the various multipoles to the longitudinal response function are analyzed and integral properties of the response are discussed in addition. The Argonne V18 nucleon-nucleon interaction and two different three-nucleon force models (Urbana IX, Tucson-Melbourne) are used. At lower momentum transfer (q 200 MeV/c) three-nucleon forces play an important role. One even finds a dependence of RL on the three-nucleon force model itself with differences up to 10%. Thus a Rosenbluth separation of the inclusive electron scattering cross section of 4He at low momentum transfer would be of high value in view of a discrimination among different force models.

A direct fit of the isoscalar spin-orbit (SO) and both isoscalar and isovector tensor coupling constants to the f5/2-f7/2 SO splittings in 40Ca, 56Ni, and 48Ca nuclei requires a drastic reduction of the isoscalar SO strength and strong attractive tensor coupling constants. The aim of this work is to address further consequences of these strong attractive tensor and weak SO fields on binding energies, nuclear deformability, and high-spin states. In particular, we show that contribution to the nuclear binding energy due to the tensor field shows generic magic structure with the tensorial magic numbers at N(Z)=14, 32, 56, or 90 corresponding to the maximum spin-asymmetries in 1d5/2, 1f7/22p3/2, 1g9/22d5/2 and 1h11/22f7/2 single-particle configurations and that these numbers are smeared out by pairing correlations and deformation effects. We also examine the consequences of strong attractive tensor fields and weak SO interaction on nuclear stability at the drip lines, in particular close to the tensorial doubly magic nuclei and discuss the possibility of an entirely new tensor-force driven deformation effect.

We present a thorough analysis of the effects of the tensor interaction on the multipole response of magic nuclei, using the fully self-consistent Random Phase Approximation (RPA) model with Skyrme interactions. We disentangle the modifications to the static mean field induced by the tensor terms, and the specific features of the residual particle-hole (p-h) tensor interaction, for quadrupole (2+), octupole (3-), and also magnetic dipole (1+) responses. It is pointed out that the tensor force has a larger effect on the magnetic dipole states than on the natural parity states 2+ and 3-, especially at the mean field level. Perspectives for a better assessment of the tensor force parameters are eventually discussed.

A detailed a-decay study of the neutron-deficient isotope 181Pb has been performed in the complete fusion reaction 40Ca+144Smnbsp;nbsp;184Pb* at the velocity filter SHIP (GSI, Darmstadt). In comparison with the literature, more precise data have been deduced for the Ipnbsp;=nbsp;(9/2-) ground state in this nucleus, which is presumably based on the neutron nh9/2 spherical orbital. Improved a-decay data were also measured for 180Pb. PACS numbers: 23.60.+e; 27.70.+q; 27.80.+w

High-spin states in 168Hf were populated in the 96Zr(76Ge,4n) reaction and the decay g rays measured with the Gammasphere spectrometer array. Previously known bands were extended to significantly higher spins and seven new bands were established. The results were interpreted within the framework of the cranked shell model with the help of comparisons with neighboring nuclei. The observation of full alignment in band crossings at a rotational frequency (h/2p)w ~ 0.55 MeV revealed that these crossings are associated with proton alignments involving h11/2 and h9/2 orbitals. The characteristics of one strongly coupled high-K band indicate that the deformation-aligned configuration is built upon the same six quasiparticles that constitute the high-spin structure of a rotationally-aligned band. This leads to the coexistence of two coupling schemes, deformation and rotation alignment, in six-quasiparticle structures involving the same orbitals.

Toward a universal description of pairing properties in nuclei far from stability, we extend the energy density functional by enriching the isovector density dependence in the particle-particle channel (pair density functional, pair-DF). We emphasize the necessity of both the linear and quadratic isovector density terms. The parameters are optimized by the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculation for 156 nuclei of the mass number A=118-196 and the asymmetry parameter (N-Z)/A < 0.25. We clarify that the pair-DF should include the isovector density dependence in order to take into account the effect of the isoscalar and isovector effective masses in the particle-hole channel consistently. The different Skyrme forces can give the small difference in the pairing gaps toward the neutron drip line, if the optimal pair-DF consistent with the particle-hole channel is employed.

The symmetric nuclear matter and neutron rich matter properties predicted by effective field based relativistic mean field parameter sets are confronted with a recent analysis of the nuclear giant monopole resonance and isospin diffusion data, and with a study of neutron skin of finite nuclei and some selected observational informations of neutron stars. Motivated by the fact that none of the published parameter sets of this model can simultaneously consistent with all previously mentioned constraints, an improvement not only in the isovector sector but also in isoscalar sector of this model is proposed. The symmetric nuclear matter and neutron rich matter properties, as well as some basic properties of static neutron star predicted by the proposed parameter set (G2**) are discussed.

We consider calculations of direct two-proton removal reactions from a relativistic-energy 208Pb beam incident on a 9Be target, leading to the population of two-proton-hole isomeric configurations in 206Hg. The calculated 5- and 10+ isomeric state population ratios of 18.8% and 4.7%, respectively, are in fair agreement with the values deduced experimentally (21.9+1.2-2.9% and 3.1+1.0-1.2%); however, the high density of final states in this case complicates the prediction of isomeric ratios for those states fed by unobserved prompt g-ray cascades. We also consider and quantify the effects of selection of events, according to the longitudinal momenta of the reaction residues, on the measured isomeric ratios for high-spin final states and hence of the potential to exploit such sensitivity to gain further insight into the reaction mechanism.

A particle-g-coincidence experiment has been performed to investigate the role of high l-values in the production of direct-a-emitting channels (associated with incomplete fusion) in 12C+169Tm system. Spin-distributions of various xn/pxn/axn/2axn-channels have been measured at Elab = 5.6 and 6.5 AMeV. Entirely different de-excitation patterns have been observed in direct-a-emitting channels and fusion-evaporation channels. The fusion-evaporation channels are found to be strongly fed over a broad spin range. While, narrow range feeding for only high spin states has been observed in case of direct-a-emitting channels. In the present work, incomplete fusion is shown to be a promising tool to populate high spin states in final reaction products. In order to have better insight into the associated l-values in different reaction channels, present data have been compared with the similar data obtained in 16O(Elab 5.6 AMeV)+169Tm system. The mean driving angular momenta involved in the production of direct-a-emitting channels have been found to be higher than that involved in the production of fusion-evaporation channels. Direct-a multiplicity in forward cone found to be increases with driving angular momenta, which indicates the origin of direct-a-emitting channels at high l-values in non-central interactions.

We have calculated the total nuclear reaction cross-sections of exotic nuclei in the framework of the Glauber model, using as inputs the standard relativistic mean field (RMF) densities and the densities obtained from the more recently developed effective field theory motivated RMF, the E-RMF. Both the light and heavy nuclei are taken as the representative targets and the light neutron-rich nuclei as projectiles. We found the total nuclear reaction cross-section to increase as a function of the mass number, for both the target and projectile nuclei. The differential nuclear elastic scattering cross sections are evaluated for some selected systems at various incident energies. We found a large dependence of the differential elastic scattering cross-section on incident energy. Finally, we have applied the same formalism to calculate both the total nuclear reaction cross-section and the differential nuclear elastic scattering cross-section for the recently discussed superheavy nucleus with atomic number Z=122.

We develop an approach to calculating the pure cross section of the ground state of artificial radioactive nuclides that subtracts the effect of an excited state on the ground state. We apply the formalism to obtaining pure cross sections by subtracting the effect of excited states in the reactions 122Te(n, 2n)121gTe and 128Te(n, 2n)127gTe induced by neutrons of about 14 MeV. The cross sections were measured by activation relative to the 93Nb(n, 2n)92mNb reaction, and were compared with the results that take into account the effect of the excited state. Measurements were carried out by gamma-detection using a coaxial HPGe (high-purity germanium) detector. As samples, spectroscopically pure tellurium powder has been used. The fast neutrons were produced by the 3H(d, n)4He reaction. The neutron energies in these measurements were determined by the method of cross-section ratios between 90Zr(n, 2n)89m+gZr and 93Nb(n, 2n)92mNb reactions.

We investigate whether the apparent discrepancy between proton electric form factor from measurements using the Rosenbluth separation technique and polarization transfer method is due to the standard approximations employed in radiative correction procedures. Inaccuracies due to both the peaking approximation and the soft-photon approximation have been removed in our simulation approach. In contrast to results from (e,ep) experiments, we find them in this case to be too small to explain the discrepancy.

In this paper, I give a pedagogical discussion of the GSI anomaly. Using two different formulations, namely the intuitive Quantum Field Theory language of the second quantized picture as well as the language of amplitudes, I clear up the analogies and differences between the GSI anomaly and other processes (the Double Slit experiment using photons, e+ e- m+ m- scattering, and charged pion decay). In both formulations, the conclusion is reached that the decay rate measured at GSI cannot oscillate if only Standard Model physics is involved and the initial hydrogen-like ion is no coherent superposition of more than one state (in case there is no new, yet unknown, mechanism at work). Furthermore, a discussion of the Quantum Beat phenomenon will be given, which is often assumed to be able to cause the observed oscillations. This is, however, not possible for a splitting in the final state only. Keywords: GSI anomaly, neutrino oscillations, quantum theoryPACS: 14.60.Pq, 23.40.-s

The semi-inclusive properties of the system of neutral and charged particles with net charge equal to zero are considered in the grand canonical, canonical and micro-canonical ensembles as well as in micro-canonical ensemble with scaling volume fluctuations. Distributions of neutral particle multiplicity and charged particle momentum are calculated as a function of the number of charged particles. Different statistical ensembles lead to qualitatively different dependencies. They are being compared with the corresponding experimental data on multi-hadron production in p+p interactions at high energies.

The hadronic transport model ART is extended to include the production and annihilation of deuterons via the reactions BB dM, where B and M stand for baryons and mesons, respectively, as well as their elastic scattering with mesons and baryons in the hadronic matter. This new hadronic transport model is then used to study the transverse momentum spectrum and elliptic flow of deuterons in relativistic heavy ion collisions, with the initial hadron distributions after hadronization of produced quark-gluon plasma taken from a blast wave model. The results are compared with those measured by the PHENIX and STAR Collaborations for Au+Au collisions at {sNN} = 200nbsp;GeV, and also with those obtained from the coalescence model based on freeze-out nucleons in the transport model.

Elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions at incident energies E\scrlab @ (1-160)A GeV is analyzed within the model of 3-fluid dynamics (3FD). We show that a simple correction factor, taking into account dissipative affects, allows us to adjust the 3FD results to experimental data. This single-parameter fit results in a good reproduction of the elliptic flow as a function of the incident energy, centrality of the collision and rapidity. The experimental scaling of pion eccentricity-scaled elliptic flow versus charged-hadron-multiplicity density per unit transverse area turns out to be also reasonably described. Proceeding from values of the Knudsen number, deduced from this fit, we estimate the upper limit the shear viscosity-to-entropy ratio as h/s ~ 1-2 at the SPS incident energies. This value is of the order of minimal h/s observed in water and liquid nitrogen.

The Fokker Planck (FP) equation has been solved to study the interaction of non-equilibrated heavy quarks with the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) expected to be formed in heavy ion collisions at RHIC energies. The solutions of the FP equation have been convoluted with the relevant fragmentation functions to obtain the D and B meson spectra. The results are compared with experimental data measured by STAR collaboration. It is found that the present experimental data can not distinguish between the pT spectra obtained from the equilibrium and non-equilibrium charm distributions. Data at lower pT may play a crucial role in making the distinction between the two. The nuclear suppression factor, RAA for non-photonic single electron spectra resulting from the semileptonic decays of hadrons containing heavy flavours have been evaluated using the present formalism. It is observed that the experimental data on nuclear suppression factor of the non-photonic electrons can be reproduced within this formalism by enhancing the pQCD cross sections by a factor of 2 provided the expansion of the bulk matter is governed by the velocity of sound, cs ~ 1/4. Ideal gas equation of state fails to reproduce the data even with the enhancement of the pQCD cross sections by a factor of 2.

The reaction gp K+L has been investigated over the center-of-momentum energy, W, range from threshold up to 2.2 GeV in a tree-level effective Lagrangian model that incorporates most of the well-established baryon resonances with spins equal to or below 5/2. Four less well-established nucleon resonances of higher mass are also included. The fitted parameters consist, for each resonance included, of the products of the coupling strengths at the electromagnetic and strong interaction vertices and, for the less-established nucleon resonances, the total decay width. For the well-established nucleon resonances, the energy and momentum dependence of the widths is treated within a dynamical model that is normalized to give the empirical decay branching ratios on the resonance mass shells. For the less-established resonances, the total decay width is treated as a single parameter independent of the reaction kinematics. The model is used to fit recent data for the unpolarized differential cross section (CLAS), the induced hyperon polarization asymmetry, P (CLAS, GRAAL, and SAPHIR), the beam spin asymmetry, S (LEPS and GRAAL), and the double polarization observables Cx and Cz (CLAS). The model results were also compared with LEPS data for the unpolarized differential cross section, but that data was not included in the fit. Two different fits were obtained: one that incorporates SU(3) symmetry constraints on the Born contributions to the reaction amplitude and one in which these constraints are relaxed. Explicit numerical results are given only for the first fit since the two fits gave nearly identical results for the observables and the c2 per degree of freedom obtained with the second fit was only marginally better than that of the first fit ( < 1% better). Results are presented for the fitted observables at several different energies and center-of-momentum (c.m.) frame kaon angles.

Contributions of D waves to physical observables for neutral pion photoproduction from the proton in the near-threshold region are studied and means to isolate them are proposed. Various approaches to describe the multipoles are employed - a phenomenological one, a unitary one, and heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. The results of these approaches are compared and found to yield essentially the same answers. D waves are seen to enter together with S waves in a way that any means which attempt to obtain the E0+ multipole accurately must rely on knowledge of D waves and that consequently the latter cannot be dismissed in analyses of low-energy pion photoproduction. It is shown that D waves have a significant impact on double-polarization observables which can be measured. This importance of D waves is due to the soft nature of the S wave and is a direct consequence of chiral symmetry and the Nambu-Goldstone nature of the pion. F-wave contributions are shown to be negligible in the near-threshold region.

We study the properties of D and D* mesons in nuclear matter within a simultaneous self-consistent coupled-channel unitary approach that implements heavy-quark symmetry. The in-medium solution accounts for Pauli blocking effects, and for the D and D* self-energies in a self-consistent manner. We pay a special attention to the renormalization of the intermediate propagators in the medium beyond the usual cutoff scheme. We analyze the behavior in the nuclear medium of the rich spectrum of dynamically-generated baryonic resonances in the C=1 and S=0 sector, and their influence in the self-energy and, hence, the spectral function of the D and D* mesons. The D meson quasiparticle peak mixes with Sc(2823)N-1 and Sc(2868)N-1 states while the Lc(2595)N-1 mode is present in the low-energy tail of the spectral function. The D* spectral function incorporates J=3/2 resonances, and Sc(2902)N-1 and Lc(2941)N-1 fully determine the behavior of D* meson spectral function at the quasiparticle peak. As density increases, these resonant-hole modes tend to smear out and the spectral functions get broad. We also obtain the D and D* scattering lengths, and optical potentials for different density regimes. The D meson potential stays attractive while the D* meson one is repulsive with increasing densities up to twice that of the normal nuclear matter. Compared to previous in-medium SU(4) models, we obtain similar values for the real part of the D meson potential but much smaller imaginary parts. This result can have important implications for the observation of D0-nucleus bound states.

Using chiral anomaly, we discuss the pair creation of massless fermions under the effect of magnetic field [B\vec] when an electric flux tube [E\vec] parallel to [B\vec] is switched on. The tube is axial symmetric and infinitely long. In the limit B >> E, we can analytically obtain the spatial and temporal behaviors of the number density of the fermions, the azimuthal magnetic field generated by the fermions etc.. We find that the life time tc of the electric field is shorter as the width of the tube is narrower. Applying it to the glasma in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, we find that color electric field decays fast such as tc @ Qs-1 with saturation momentum Qs.

A three-neutrino analysis of oscillation data is performed using the recent, more finely binned Super-K oscillation data, together with the CHOOZ, K2K, and MINOS data. The solar parameters, D21 and q12, are fixed from a recent analysis, and D32, q13, and q23 are varied. We utilize the full three-neutrino oscillation probability and an exact treatment of the Earth's MSW effect with a castle-wall density. By including terms linear in q13 and e: = q23 - p/4, we find asymmetric errors for these parameters q13=-0.07+0.18-0.11 and e = 0.03+0.09-0.15. For q13, we see that the lower bound is primarily set by the CHOOZ experiment while the upper bound is determined by the low energy e-like events in the Super-K atmospheric data. We find that the parameters q13 and e are correlated - the preferred negative value of q13 permits the preferred value of q23 to be in the second octant, and the true value of q13 affects the allowed region for q23.

We present revised 7Be(p,g)8B S-factors based on our previously published measurements, using a more detailed target analysis and improved stopping powers. Extrapolating our data below the 1+ resonance to solar energies using the latest cluster model calculations of Descouvemont, we find that S17(0) = 21.5 0.6(expt) 0.7(theor) eV b. Fitting all modern, low-energy (p,g) data with the same theory, we find a "best" value S17(0) = 20.9 0.6(expt) 0.7(theor) eV b.

Photoneutron cross sections were measured for 117Sn and 116Sn near the neutron thresholds at 6.94 and 9.56 MeV, respectively, with quasi-monochromatic laser-Compton scattering g-rays. The 117Sn cross section which is strongly enhanced near the low threshold provides evidence for the presence of extra g strength in the low-energy tail of the giant dipole resonance. A coherent analysis of the photoneutron data for 117Sn together with the neutron capture on 116Sn shows that the g-ray strength function is balanced in the photoneutron and neutron capture channels in terms of the microscopic HFB+QRPA model of E1 strength combined with a pygmy E1 resonance at 8.5nbsp;MeV. The high-energy part of the pygmy resonance is also suggested in the photoneutron cross section for 116Sn.

We construct a new Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) mass model, labeled HFB-18, with a generalized Skyrme force. The additional terms that we have introduced into the force are density-dependent generalizations of the usual t1 and t2 terms, and are chosen in such a way as to avoid the high-density ferromagnetic instability of neutron stars that is a general feature of conventional Skyrme forces, and in particular of the Skyrme forces underlying all the HFB mass models that we have developed in the past. The remaining parameters of the model are then fitted to essentially all the available mass data, an rms deviation s of 0.585 MeV being obtained. The new model thus gives almost as good a mass fit as our best-fit model HFB-17 (s = 0.581 MeV), and has the advantage of avoiding the ferromagnetic collapse of neutron stars.